The theory of the activity was developed by Leontiev (1903 – 1979) from a conception of the nature Marxist dialectic-material appraised by Vygotsky (1896-1934). The theory presents the activity human being directed toward its expression in the psychic activity, is based, in special, on two principles: ) of the configuration of the nature the human being as resultant activity of the mediation of its relations in the field of the action human being and its reality. b) the social and cultural context of the individual that develops its superior psychic activities in the process of internalizao of the relations mediated with the half exterior in which if points out inserted. Galperin (1902-1988) applied the theory of the activity detaching the importance of the external factors in gnese of the mental functions directed toward the didactic activities. The paper of the theory of the activity in the mediation of the object with its corresponding action (P.

former is observed. the activity to read results in the action of reading). Elkonin (1904-1984) formulates the development psychic, from the external factors, of the essential learning as form of internalization of the culture that develops the historical formation of the individual. Davydov (1930-1998), incorporating the boarding of its predecessors, extends the theory of the activity directed toward a theory of the desenvolvimental education, that has for target the formation of the citizen of the knowledge in ' ' pensar' '. Extending the scope of the research developed for its predecessors, Davydov affirms that the knowledge in the learning phase is the technician-scientific knowledge, therefore supported in a methodology. This methodology is based by the logical dialectic and allows that the citizen acquires the ability and ability to think by itself, exceeding the mere transmission of content. The teorizao compiled for Davydov, can be detached three points: 1) Integration between the scientific contents and the development of the thought processes.